The effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in Tibet

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage in Tibet. Four TMR that varied in the forage sources on dry matter basis were used: (i) 52% whole‐plant corn (Control); (ii) 43% oat + 12% common vetch (OC3.6); (iii) 38% oat + 18% common vetch (OC2.2); and (iv) 33% oat + 23% common vetch (OC1.5). Silos were opened on day 45 and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N, and high lactic acid and V‐scores. With the increasing proportion of common vetch, crude protein, ether extract increased (P < 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased (P < 0.05). Under aerobic conditions, treated silages were more stable than the control silage as indicated by lower (P < 0.05) pH and yeast population. It was concluded that replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch had no unfavorable effects on the fermentation quality and improved crude protein content and aerobic stability of TMR silage. OC2.2 silage was the best among three treated TMR silages.     

对一起未取得动物诊疗许可从事诊疗活动案的查处

烟台市和招远市动物卫生监督所联合进行动物诊疗机构清理整顿活动时,查处了一起非法动物诊疗案件,执法人员依据《动物防疫法》有关条款对当事人进行了相应处罚。通过本案的处理,笔者建议在整顿动物诊疗机构的过程中,执法人员应当严格依法行政,同时还应充分重视普法宣传的重要性,为健全诊疗监管秩序和维护公共卫生安全奠定基础。     

猪霍乱沙门氏菌LAMP检测方法的建立与应用

利用猪霍乱沙门氏菌lacZ基因设计特异性引物,通过优化各种反应条件,建立了检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌的环介导等温扩增（LAMP）快速检测方法。此方法特异性好,灵敏度高,将细菌DNA稀释到10-8仍可检出,是PCR方法的1000倍。本研究建立的LAMP方法操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强,为临床检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌和预防人猪霍乱沙门氏菌病提供了技术保障。     

奶牛瘤胃异常代谢产物组胺引起的炎性反应及其消除方法

高精低粗的饲粮结构会引起奶牛瘤胃内乳酸和挥发性脂肪酸浓度升高,瘤胃液pH降低,导致瘤胃内微生物区系发生改变,从而引起瘤胃内异常代谢产物(细菌内毒素、组胺等)增加,甚至引发亚急性瘤胃酸中毒。其中,组胺是机体内重要的炎性介质,高浓度的组胺转运至血液后可引起机体炎症反应,引起奶牛多种疾病,并使奶牛生产性能下降。本文对奶牛瘤胃异常发酵时组胺的产生和转运以及组胺诱导炎性反应的机制进行综述,同时,介绍一些限制组胺生成和转运的方法,为控制和减少组胺对奶牛的危害提供参考。     

辽宁绒山羊羔羊卵母细胞体外培养技术的研究

本研究以4～8周龄的辽宁绒山羊母羔为研究对象,研究不同激素处理对羔羊卵泡发育数量和发育质量的影响,同时还比较了不同配方的培养液对羔羊卵母细胞体外成熟率的影响.结果表明:最佳的母羔超数排卵方案是依次注射PMSG 400 IU 1次,FSH(加拿大)40 mg 3次,间隔时间12 h;在成熟培养液中添加15％的发情羊血清(ESS)卵母细胞的体外成熟率最高.     

微贮牧草对山羊生产性能、饲粮养分消化率和消化道微生物数量的影响

试验使用黑曲霉、乳酸菌、酵母菌3种微生物的固体菌剂以及尿素作为微生态制剂青贮(微贮)高丹草和牛鞭草,并对64只黑山羊进行30 d饲养对比试验,研究高丹草和牛鞭草青贮对山羊生产性能、饲粮养分消化率和消化道微生物数量的影响。试验结果为,相比于普通青贮(普贮),微贮高丹草酵母菌、黑曲霉、乳酸菌数量分别增加了475.61%、290.65%和513.37%;微贮牛鞭草酵母菌、黑曲霉、乳酸菌数量分别增加了466.67%、762.07%和486.05%;微贮组羊瘤胃中的酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量均极显著增加(P0.01);微贮组羊粪中的酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量显著或极显著增加(P0.05),大肠杆菌数量极显著降低(P0.001);微贮组饲粮除中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率极显著高于普贮组(P0.01),其余均显著高于普贮组(P0.05);微贮组平均日增重和饲料转化率显著高于普贮组(P0.05)。综上所述,微生态制剂青贮不仅可增加瘤胃和粪中酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量,减少粪中大肠杆菌的数量,还能提高山羊饲粮表观消化率和生长性能。     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

装饰面板及地板结构对实木复合地板导热性能的影响

通过对4种树种的面板和3种不同结构的实木复合地板的导热性能进行温升变化测试分析,测量地板的温度变化,探讨不同的装饰面板及地板结构对不同实木复合地板导热性的影响,旨为改善地热地板导热性能提供技术支持。研究结果表明:装饰面板的种类对实木复合地板的导热性能有明显影响,以黑胡桃作为装饰面板的实木复合导热性能最好,桦木次之,槭木导热性能最差,这主要是由于密度越大的装饰面板,导热性能越好,传热越快,热量损失也越少;地板结构对导热性能也有影响,面板为锯切薄板的三层实木复合地板的导热性能较好,多层实木复合地板的导热性能较差。因此,作为地热地板使用的实木复合地板,其装饰面板应该选择较大密度材种,且为锯切薄板为佳。     

超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的工艺研究

目的:确定超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺。方法:采用正交试验确定超声波辅助提取蓝莓花色苷的最佳工艺条件。结果:超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺条件为提取剂为酸性乙醇,固液比1∶60(g/mL),超声波功率350W,萃取时间40min,提取温度75℃。在此条件下,确定的蓝莓果渣花色苷含量3.122mg/g。结论:超声波辅助提取技术对充分利用蓝莓资源获取高附加值的花色苷是可行的。     

一种适于PCR和LAMP检测的松木中松材线虫DNA快速提取方法

【目的】本研究旨在探索快速、简便地直接从病木中提取松材线虫 DNA 的方法。【方法】运用 Chelex-100结合异硫氰酸胍蛋白变性缓冲液建立新的高效快速提取微量木块中线虫 DNA 的方法,并通过普通 PCR 与环介导等温扩增( LAMP)对提取的 DNA进行检测验证。【结果】建立了提取线虫 DNA 的新方法 Chelex-100法,并对影响提取效率的Chelex-100浓度、冻融时间和煮沸时间进行了优化。Chelex-100法最适Chelex-100终浓度为1.5%( W/V),最适冻融时间为5 min,最适煮沸时间为8 min。与传统的 CTAB法和蛋白酶 K 法比较,Chelex-100法提取的 DNA得率高,相同条件下,该方法提取的 DNA浓度远远大于常规方法。3种方法的 OD260/280比值从大到小依次为CTAB法＞蛋白酶K法≥Chelex-100法,Chelex-100法的OD260/280值显著低于CTAB法,而略低于或等同于蛋白酶K法,但这并不影响对提取的 DNA 进行 PCR 扩增。采用 Chelex-100法提取松木中松材线虫的 DNA,结合常规的PCR和 LAMP检测,检测灵敏度高,特异性强,稳定性好;提取的松材线虫 DNA 的75倍稀释液再稀释32倍后进行PCR扩增,扩增产物电泳依然有清晰的条带。用新方法提取病木中线虫的 DNA 后进行检测,所有带病松木样品的检测结果均呈阳性,而健康黑松、马尾松、油松木屑及盘多毛孢样品的检测结果均呈阴性。此外,该提取方法简便快速,20 min内即可完成整个 DNA的提取;经济方便,试剂保藏无特殊要求,单个样品提取耗费低于3.5元。【结论】Chelex-100法是一种快速有效的提取松木中松材线虫DNA的方法,此方法结合PCR和LAMP检测技术将进一步提高松材线虫的检测效率、灵敏度和准确性,可为松材线虫的野外检测提供可靠的技术依据。